The word "quantum" seems to be used in many ways. It can mean the fact that energy levels of are quantized into quanta - minimum amount of any physical entity (physical property) involved in an interaction of particles, for example photons as field "quanta" of the electromagnetic field. [[Quantum - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum) Quantum - Wikipedia] [[Quantization - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization) Quantization - Wikipedia] [[Quantization - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization)_(physics) Quantization (physics) - Wikipedia] It can mean the fact that order of measurments matters for the result aka noncommutativity of operators - there are observable quantities that obey uncertainity principle. [[Understanding Quantum Mechanics #1: It’s not about discreteness - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XJSfgE9LUJw&list=PLwgQsqtH9H5djIfFhXE6We207beTgUnyL&index=9) Understanding Quantum Mechanics #1: It’s not about discreteness by Sabine Hossenfelder] It can also mean the existence of superposition in the formalism defined as nonseparability of a system into two. [[Perception as Entanglement: Chris Fields - YouTube]([Perception as Entanglement: Chris Fields - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aeh9bSuSNrA)) Perception as Entanglement: Chris Fields on Youtube] [[Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023]([Physics as Information Processing ~ Chris Fields ~ AII 2023](https://coda.io/@active-inference-institute/fields-physics-2023)))))))))))))))))) Physics as information processing by Chris Fields] ==Science -> Physics -> Quantum -> Quantum mechanics== Quantum mechanics differs from classical physics in that energy, momentum, angular momentum, and other quantities of a bound system are restricted to discrete values ( [[Quantization - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantization)_(physics) Quantization (physics) - Wikipedia] ); objects have characteristics of both particles and waves (( [[Wave–particle duality - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wave%E2%80%93particle_duality) Wave–particle duality - Wikipedia]); and there are limits to how accurately the value of a physical quantity can be predicted prior to its measurement, given a complete set of initial conditions ([[Uncertainty principle - Wikipedia]([Uncertainty principle - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle)) Uncertainty principle Wiki]). [[Quantum mechanics - Wikipedia]([Quantum - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum)_mechanics) Quantum mechanics Wiki] [[quantum mechanics in nLab](https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/quantum+mechanics) quantum mechanics in nLab] [[Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum](https://theoreticalminimum.com/courses))))/quantum-mechanics/2012/winter Quantum Mechanics (Winter, 2012) | The Theoretical Minimum] [[Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum](https://theoreticalminimum.com/courses))))/advanced-quantum-mechanics/2013/fall Advanced Quantum Mechanics (Fall, 2013) | The Theoretical Minimum] [[The Hydrogen Atom, Part 1 of 3: Intro to Quantum Physics - YouTube]([The Hydrogen Atom, Part 1 of 3: Intro to Quantum Physics - YouTube]([The Hydrogen Atom, Part 1 of 3: Intro to Quantum Physics - YouTube]([The Hydrogen Atom, Part 1 of 3: Intro to Quantum Physics - YouTube]([The Hydrogen Atom, Part 1 of 3: Intro to Quantum Physics - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-Y0XL-K0jy0))))) The Hydrogen Atom, Part 1 of 3: Intro to Quantum Physics - YouTube] [[What is the Schrödinger Equation? A basic introduction to Quantum Mechanics - YouTube]([What is the Schrödinger Equation? A basic introduction to Quantum Mechanics - YouTube]([What is the Schrödinger Equation? A basic introduction to Quantum Mechanics - YouTube]([What is the Schrödinger Equation? A basic introduction to Quantum Mechanics - YouTube]([What is the Schrödinger Equation? A basic introduction to Quantum Mechanics - YouTube]([What is the Schrödinger Equation? A basic introduction to Quantum Mechanics - YouTube]([What is the Schrödinger Equation? A basic introduction to Quantum Mechanics - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2WPA1L9uJqo))))))) What is the Schrödinger Equation? A basic introduction to Quantum Mechanics - YouTube] [[What is Quantum Tunnelling? - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_f8zeEI0oys) What is Quantum Tunnelling? - YouTube] ==Science -> Physics -> Quantum -> Quantum mechanics -> Uncertainty principle== [[Uncertainty principle - Wikipedia]([Uncertainty principle - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uncertainty_principle)) Uncertainty principle Wiki] Generalized uncertainty principle: Uncertainity principle is just about the trade off of how well can we extract position or momentum from a particle's wave equation using fourier transform, the better can we extract momentum, the worse we can extract position and other way around. (Particle's Position <-> Particle's Momentum) <-> (General wave's Time <-> General wave's Frequency): [[The more general uncertainty principle, regarding Fourier transforms - YouTube]([The more general uncertainty principle, regarding Fourier transforms - YouTube]([The more general uncertainty principle, regarding Fourier transforms - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MBnnXbOM5S4))) The more general uncertainty principle, regarding Fourier transforms by 3Blue1Brown] [[What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle? A wave packet approach - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FRP4AqZR3UU) What is the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle? A wave packet approach - YouTube] ==Science -> Physics -> Quantum -> Quantum mechanics -> Wave particle duality== Wave–particle duality is the concept in quantum mechanics that quantum entities exhibit particle or wave properties according to the experimental circumstances. Double slit experiment shows that light acts a wave with its interference pattern, photoelectric efect shows that light acts like a particle as photons can eject electrons from certain metals: [[Wave Particle Duality - Basic Introduction - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TX_4r76RppM) Wave Particle Duality - Basic Introduction by Organc Chemistry Tutor on Youtube] [[4. Wave-Particle Duality of Matter; Schrödinger Equation - YouTube]([4. Wave-Particle Duality of Matter; Schrödinger Equation - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Qg7pQ_CYaIQ)) 4. Wave-Particle Duality of Matter; Schrödinger Equation by MIT OpenCourseWare] ==Science -> Physics -> Quantum -> Quantum information theory== Quantum information is the information of the state of a quantum system. [[quantum information in nLab](https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/quantum+information) quantum information in nLab] [https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/physics-and-astronomy/quantum-information-theory Untitled] [[Quantum information - Wikipedia]([Quantum - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum)_information) Quantum information - Wikipedia] ==Science -> Physics -> Quantum -> Categorical quantum mechanics== [[Axiomatic quantum field theory - Wikipedia]([Axiomatic quantum field theory - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiomatic_quantum_field_theory?wprov=sfla1)) Axiomatic quantum field theory - Wikipedia] ==Science -> Physics -> Quantum -> Cosmology== [[Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum](https://theoreticalminimum.com/courses))))/cosmology/2013/winter/lecture-10 Inhomogeneities and quantum fluctuations | The Theoretical Minimum] ==Science -> Physics -> Unity== [[Quanta Magazine]([Quanta Magazine]([Quanta Magazine]([Quanta Magazine]([Quanta Magazine]([Quanta Magazine]([Quanta Magazine]([Quanta Magazine](https://www.quantamagazine.org/theories-of-everything-mapped-20150803/)))))))) Quanta Magazine] [[Theory of everything - Wikipedia]([Theory of everything - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theory_of_everything)) Theory of everything - Wikipedia] ==Science -> Physics -> Unity -> Quantum field theory== Quantum field theory is a theoretical framework combining classical field theory, special relativity, and quantum mechanics. QFT is used in particle physics to construct physical models of subatomic particles and in condensed matter physics to construct models of quasiparticles. [[Quantum field theory - Wikipedia]([Quantum - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum)_field_theory) Quantum field theory Wiki] [[Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum](https://theoreticalminimum.com/courses))))/advanced-quantum-mechanics/2013/fall Advanced Quantum Mechanics (Fall, 2013) | The Theoretical Minimum] [[Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum](https://theoreticalminimum.com/courses))))/particle-physics-1-basic-concepts/2009/fall Particle Physics 1: Basic Concepts (Fall, 2009) | The Theoretical Minimum] [[QFT for Mathematicians - A. Alekseev - YouTube]([QFT for Mathematicians - A. Alekseev - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PLR6S6vLGnUbwkVbtq1LhpYRlW8G8czdU-)) QFT for Mathematicians - A. Alekseev] [[- YouTube]([- YouTube]([- YouTube]([- YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QPAxzr6ihu8)))) - YouTube] [[Quantum Field Theory visualized - YouTube]([Quantum Field Theory visualized - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MmG2ah5Df4g)) Quantum Field Theory visualized - YouTube] ==Science -> Physics -> Unity -> Quantum field theory -> Axiomatic Quantum field theory== Axiomatic quantum field theory is a mathematical discipline which aims to describe quantum field theory in terms of rigorous axioms. [[quantum field theory in nLab]([quantum field theory in nLab]([quantum field theory in nLab]([quantum field theory in nLab]([quantum field theory in nLab]([quantum field theory in nLab]([quantum field theory in nLab](https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/quantum+field+theory))))))) quantum field theory in nLab] [[Axiomatic quantum field theory - Wikipedia]([Axiomatic quantum field theory - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axiomatic_quantum_field_theory?wprov=sfla1)) Axiomatic quantum field theory - Wikipedia] [[Klaus Fredenhagen - Advances in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory I: Framework of AQFT - YouTube]([Klaus Fredenhagen - Advances in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory I: Framework of AQFT - YouTube]([Klaus Fredenhagen - Advances in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory I: Framework of AQFT - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oaI0FOXx6P8))) Klaus Fredenhagen - Advances in Algebraic Quantum Field Theory I: Framework of AQFT - YouTube] [[Algebra - Wikipedia]([Algebra - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebra))ic_quantum_field_theory Algebraic quantum field theory - Wikipedia] [[Von Neumann algebras (overview of the theory) - YouTube]([Von Neumann algebras (overview of the theory) - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ThBvVZnUL2I)) Von Neumann algebras (overview of the theory) - YouTube] ==Science -> Physics -> Unity -> Quantum field theory -> Standard model== - It's currently the most empirically tested theory of all of physics. - It's a paradigm of a quantum field theory. - It describes three of the four known fundamental forces (electromagnetic, weak and strong interactions – excluding gravity) in the universe and classifying all known elementary particles. - It does not fully explain baryon asymmetry, incorporate the full theory of gravitation as described by general relativity, or account for the universe's accelerating expansion as possibly described by dark energy. The model does not contain any viable dark matter particle that possesses all of the required properties deduced from observational cosmology. It also does not incorporate neutrino oscillations and their non-zero masses. [[Standard Model - Wikipedia]([Standard Model - Wikipedia]([Standard Model - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard_Model))) Standard Model Wikipedia] [[standard model of particle physics in nLab]([standard model of particle physics in nLab](https://ncatlab.org/nlab/show/standard+model+of+particle+physics)) standard model of particle physics in nLab] [[Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum](https://theoreticalminimum.com/courses))))/particle-physics-2-standard-model/2010/winter Particle Physics 2: Standard Model (Winter, 2010) | The Theoretical Minimum] [https://www.amazon.com/Standard-Beyond-Physics-Cosmology-Gravitation-dp-1498763219/dp/1498763219/ref=dp_ob_title_bk Untitled] ==Science -> Physics -> Unity -> Quantum darwinism== This is my favorite interpretation of quantum mechanics. Quantum Darwinism is a theory meant to explain the emergence of the classical world from the quantum world as due to a process of Darwinian natural selection induced by the environment interacting with the quantum system in the process of decoherence; where the many possible quantum states are selected against in favor of a stable pointer state. Pointer states are quantum states, sometimes of a measuring apparatus, if present, that are less perturbed by decoherence than other states, and are the quantum equivalents of the classical states of the system after decoherence has occurred through interaction with the environment. [[Quantum - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum)_Darwinism Quantum Darwinism Wikipedia] [[[0903.5082] Quantum Darwinism]([[0903.5082] Quantum Darwinism](https://arxiv.org/abs/0903.5082)) [0903.5082] Quantum Darwinism study] [[[2208.09019] Quantum Theory of the Classical: Einselection, Envariance, Quantum Darwinism and Extantons]([[2208.09019] Quantum Theory of the Classical: Einselection, Envariance, Quantum Darwinism and Extantons](https://arxiv.org/abs/2208.09019)) [2208.09019] Quantum Theory of the Classical: Einselection, Envariance, Quantum Darwinism and Extantons] [[Wojciech Zurek | Emergence of the Classical from within the Quantum Universe - YouTube]([Wojciech Zurek | Emergence of the Classical from within the Quantum Universe - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kEt38oCjQzo)) Wojciech Zurek | Emergence of the Classical from within the Quantum Universe - YouTube] [[Quanta Magazine]([Quanta Magazine]([Quanta Magazine]([Quanta Magazine](https://www.quantamagazine.org/quantum-darwinism-an-idea-to-explain-objective-reality-passes-first-tests-20190722/)))) Quanta Magazine] ==Science -> Physics -> Unity -> Spacetime from entaglement by Sean Carrol== More local entaglement encodes less distance and less local energy. Second law thermodynamics defines the arrow of time: [[From Quantum Mechanics to Spacetime - Qiskit Seminar Series with Sean Carroll - YouTube]([From Quantum Mechanics to Spacetime - Qiskit Seminar Series with Sean Carroll - YouTube]([From Quantum Mechanics to Spacetime - Qiskit Seminar Series with Sean Carroll - YouTube]([From Quantum Mechanics to Spacetime - Qiskit Seminar Series with Sean Carroll - YouTube]([From Quantum Mechanics to Spacetime - Qiskit Seminar Series with Sean Carroll - YouTube]([From Quantum Mechanics to Spacetime - Qiskit Seminar Series with Sean Carroll - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8-ct1IlGUOw)))))) From Quantum Mechanics to Spacetime - Qiskit Seminar Series with Sean Carroll - YouTube] [[Sean Carroll, "Something Deeply Hidden: Quantum Worlds and the Emergence of Spacetime" - YouTube](https://youtu.be/XBQorAnnICs) Sean Carroll, "Something Deeply Hidden: Quantum Worlds and the Emergence of Spacetime" - YouTube] ==Science -> Physics -> Unity -> Loop quantum gravity== Spacetime emerges from loops. [[Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia]([Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia]([Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia]([Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia]([Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia]([Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia]([Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia]([Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia]([Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia]([Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia]([Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia]([Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia]([Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia]([Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop_quantum_gravity)))))))))))))) Loop quantum gravity - Wikipedia] ==Science -> Physics -> Unity -> Supersymmetry== [[Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum](https://theoreticalminimum.com/courses))))/particle-physics-3-supersymmetry-and-grand-unification/2010/spring Particle Physics 3: Supersymmetry and Grand Unification (Spring, 2010) | The Theoretical Minimum] [[Supersymmetry - Wikipedia]([Supersymmetry - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Supersymmetry)) Supersymmetry - Wikipedia]#Current_status ==Science -> Physics -> Unity -> String theory== [[String Theory (Fall, 2010) | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum](https://theoreticalminimum.com/courses))))/string-theory/2010/fall) String Theory (Fall, 2010) | The Theoretical Minimum] ==Science -> Physics -> Unity -> Holographic principle, spacetime as error correcting code from entaglement== The holographic principle is a property of string theories and a supposed property of quantum gravity that states that the description of a volume of space can be thought of as encoded on a lower-dimensional boundary to the region. AdS/CFT correspondence is application of this, a conjectured relationship between two kinds of physical theories. On one side are anti-de Sitter spaces (AdS) which are used in theories of quantum gravity, formulated in terms of string theory or M-theory. On the other side of the correspondence are conformal field theories (CFT) which are quantum field theories, including theories similar to the Yang–Mills theories that describe elementary particles. [[Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum]([Course Catalogue | The Theoretical Minimum](https://theoreticalminimum.com/courses))))/cosmology-and-black-holes/2011/winter Cosmology and Black Holes (Winter, 2011) | The Theoretical Minimum]