I like the notions of complexity mentioned on wiki
[Complexity - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complexity#Varied_meanings)
[Complexity - Scholarpedia](http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Complexity)
and emergence
[Emergence - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emergence#In_science)
and [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw9sr05Vtso](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw9sr05Vtso)
Software in the natural world: A computational approach to hierarchical emergence
[[2402.09090] Software in the natural world: A computational approach to hierarchical emergence](https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09090)