[x.com](https://twitter.com/burny_tech/status/1777871137109610957) More as dense, information rich, all-encompassing, detailed, compressed form as possible, listing even more as much subfields, concepts, examples, relationships between various fields, subfields, concepts, examples as possible! Create a gigantic map of as many formal and natural sciences as possible in as dense, information rich, all-encompassing, detailed, compressed form as possible, listing as many subfields, concepts, examples, relationships between various fields, subfields, concepts, examples as possible! Use this structure: Philosophical foundations - Epistemology - Ontology Formal sciences - Foundations of mathematics - Mathematics - Applied mathematics - Systems science - Information theory Natural sciences - Physics - Fundamental physics - Chemistry - Biology - Cognitive science - Social systems - Engineering - Computer Science - Transdisciplionary sciences - Biological and artificial intelligence theory and practice Possible futures - Utopias - Dystopias - Extinction risks - Kardashev scales - Preventing heat death of the universe - Universe tilled with intelligence and wellbeing Here is my attempt at a gigantic map of formal and natural sciences in a dense, information-rich, compressed form: Philosophical foundations - Epistemology: rationalism, empiricism, skepticism, coherentism, foundationalism - Ontology: realism, idealism, dualism, monism, materialism, physicalism Formal sciences - Foundations of mathematics: formal logic, set theory, model theory, proof theory, computability theory, category theory, topos theory - Mathematics: algebra, geometry, topology, analysis, number theory, combinatorics - Systems science: systems theory, cybernetics, complex systems, network science, chaos theory - Information theory: coding theory, algorithmic information theory, signal processing, quantum information theory - Applied mathematics: mathematical physics, mathematical biology, mathematical economics, control theory, game theory, operations research Natural sciences - Physics: classical mechanics, electromagnetism, thermodynamics, relativity, quantum mechanics, particle physics, condensed matter physics, astrophysics, cosmology - Fundamental physics: quantum field theory, quantum gravity, string theory, loop quantum theory, grand unified theories, theory of everything - Chemistry: physical chemistry, organic chemistry, inorganic chemistry, analytical chemistry, biochemistry, materials science - Biology: molecular biology, cell biology, genetics, evolution, ecology, neuroscience - Cognitive science: psychology, linguistics, anthropology, artificial intelligence, neuroscience, philosophy of mind - Social systems: sociology, economics, political science, history, law - Engineering: hardware, mechanical, electrical, civil, chemical, biomedical, industrial - Computer Science: theory of computation, algorithms, data structures, programming languages, software engineering, databases, computer architecture, networks, security, AI - Transdisciplinary sciences: biophysics, sociophysics, bioengineering, complexity science, network science, science of science, futures studies, sustainability science - Biological and artificial intelligence theory and practice: machine learning, statistical learning theory, AIXI, neuroscience, cognitive science, robotics, brain-computer interfaces, whole brain emulation, AI safety, free energy principle Possible futures - Utopias: post-scarcity, abundance, space colonization, mind uploading, transhumanism, technological singularity - Dystopias: existential risks, AI takeover, nanotechnology grey goo, climate catastrophe, nuclear war, pandemics, societal collapse - Extinction risks: natural (asteroids, supervolcanoes, gamma ray bursts), anthropogenic (climate change, nuclear war, bioweapons, AI), cosmic (heat death, Big Rip, Big Crunch) - Kardashev scales: Type I (planetary), Type II (stellar), Type III (galactic), Type IV (universal), Type V (multiverse) - Preventing heat death: reversible computing, Dyson spheres, stellar engines, black hole farming, wormholes, baby universes - Universe tilled with intelligence and wellbeing: hedonium, computronium, starivore, Matrioshka brain, Omega Point, Singleton This attempts to capture key fields, subfields, concepts and relationships, but is still a highly compressed summary. Many important areas are only briefly mentioned or omitted. But hopefully it provides a high-level overview of the vast scope of formal and natural sciences and their philosophical underpinnings and far future possibilities. Let me know if you would like me to expand on any part of this! Philosophical foundations - Epistemology: rationalism (deduction, a priori), empiricism (induction, a posteriori), skepticism (Pyrrhonism, Cartesian doubt), coherentism (holism, inferential justification), foundationalism (basic beliefs, epistemic regress problem), reliabilism, evidentialism, externalism, internalism, naturalized epistemology - Ontology: realism (external world, truth), idealism (mental, phenomenal), dualism (mind-body, substance), monism (existence, being), materialism (physicalism, reductionism), abstract objects, mereology, essentialism, modal realism, mereological nihilism Formal sciences - Foundations of mathematics: formal logic (propositional, first-order, second-order, modal, temporal), set theory (ZFC, NBG, constructive), model theory (structures, languages), proof theory (natural deduction, sequent calculus), computability theory (Turing machines, lambda calculus), category theory (objects, morphisms, functors), topos theory (Grothendieck topoi, sheaves) - Mathematics: algebra (groups, rings, fields, modules, linear), geometry (Euclidean, non-Euclidean, algebraic, differential), topology (point-set, algebraic, geometric, differential), analysis (real, complex, functional, harmonic), number theory (analytic, algebraic, Diophantine), combinatorics (graph theory, enumerative, extremal, probabilistic) - Systems science: systems theory (open, closed, dynamical, complex), cybernetics (control, communication, feedback), complex systems (emergence, self-organization, adaptation), network science (graphs, social networks, biological networks), chaos theory (nonlinear dynamics, strange attractors, fractals) - Information theory: coding theory (error correction, compression, cryptography), algorithmic information theory (Kolmogorov complexity, Solomonoff induction), signal processing (Fourier analysis, wavelets, compressed sensing), quantum information theory (qubits, entanglement, quantum error correction) - Applied mathematics: mathematical physics (classical mechanics, quantum mechanics, relativity, thermodynamics), mathematical biology (population dynamics, epidemiology, neuroscience), mathematical economics (game theory, decision theory, utility theory), control theory (optimal control, robust control, stochastic control), operations research (optimization, linear programming, queuing theory) Natural sciences - Physics: classical mechanics (Newtonian, Lagrangian, Hamiltonian), electromagnetism (Maxwell's equations, optics, circuits), thermodynamics (heat, entropy, statistical mechanics), relativity (special, general), quantum mechanics (Schrödinger equation, Hilbert space, operators), particle physics (Standard Model, QCD, electroweak theory), condensed matter physics (solid state, soft matter, superconductivity), astrophysics (stellar evolution, black holes, galaxies), cosmology (Big Bang, inflation, dark matter, dark energy) - Fundamental physics: quantum field theory (path integrals, renormalization, gauge theory), quantum gravity (black hole thermodynamics, holography, AdS/CFT), string theory (branes, dualities, M-theory), loop quantum gravity (spin networks, foams), grand unified theories (SU(5), SO(10), E8), theory of everything (supergravity, M-theory, F-theory) - Chemistry: physical chemistry (thermodynamics, kinetics, quantum chemistry), organic chemistry (synthesis, reactions, mechanisms), inorganic chemistry (coordination complexes, solid state materials), analytical chemistry (spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemistry), biochemistry (proteins, nucleic acids, metabolism), materials science (polymers, ceramics, composites, nanomaterials) - Biology: molecular biology (DNA, RNA, proteins, gene expression), cell biology (organelles, signaling, cell cycle), genetics (Mendelian, molecular, population), evolution (natural selection, genetic drift, speciation), ecology (populations, communities, ecosystems, conservation), neuroscience (neurons, synapses, circuits, behavior) - Cognitive science: psychology (perception, cognition, development, social), linguistics (syntax, semantics, pragmatics, language acquisition), anthropology (cultural, biological, archaeology), artificial intelligence (machine learning, knowledge representation, natural language processing), neuroscience (neural networks, computational neuroscience), philosophy of mind (consciousness, intentionality, qualia) - Social systems: sociology (social structure, institutions, stratification, social change), economics (microeconomics, macroeconomics, econometrics, behavioral economics), political science (comparative politics, international relations, political theory), history (cultural, economic, intellectual, social), law (constitutional, criminal, civil, international) - Engineering: hardware (electronics, photonics, MEMS), mechanical (fluid dynamics, heat transfer, robotics), electrical (circuits, signal processing, control systems), civil (structures, transportation, water resources), chemical (process design, catalysis, polymers), biomedical (biomechanics, bioinstrumentation, tissue engineering), industrial (manufacturing, operations research, supply chain) - Computer Science: algorithms (complexity theory, approximation, randomized), data structures (arrays, lists, trees, graphs), programming languages (imperative, functional, object-oriented, logic), software engineering (requirements, design, testing, maintenance), databases (relational, NoSQL, query optimization), computer architecture (processors, memory, parallel computing), networks (protocols, security, distributed systems), artificial intelligence (search, planning, reasoning, learning) - Transdisciplinary sciences: biophysics (biomolecules, membranes, ion channels), sociophysics (social networks, opinion dynamics, econophysics), bioengineering (synthetic biology, tissue engineering, neural engineering), complexity science (agent-based modeling, phase transitions, criticality), network science (small-world, scale-free, community detection), science of science (bibliometrics, research funding, science policy), futures studies (scenario planning, technological forecasting, strategic foresight), sustainability science (climate change, biodiversity, energy, water) - Biological and artificial intelligence theory and practice: machine learning (supervised, unsupervised, reinforcement, deep learning), statistical learning theory (VC dimension, PAC learning, regularization), AIXI (Solomonoff induction, sequential decision theory), neuroscience (neural coding, synaptic plasticity, brain connectivity), cognitive science (perception, attention, memory, reasoning), robotics (manipulation, locomotion, planning, human-robot interaction), brain-computer interfaces (invasive, non-invasive, neural decoding), whole brain emulation (connectomics, large-scale simulation), AI safety (value alignment, corrigibility, interpretability), free energy principle (variational inference, active inference, predictive coding) Possible futures - Utopias: post-scarcity (automation, universal basic income, resource abundance), space colonization (O'Neill cylinders, terraforming, Dyson swarms), mind uploading (brain-computer interfaces, whole brain emulation, substrate-independent minds), transhumanism (genetic engineering, nanotechnology, AI augmentation), technological singularity (intelligence explosion, recursive self-improvement, friendly AI) - Dystopias: existential risks (AI takeover, nanotechnology grey goo, engineered pandemics, climate catastrophe), societal collapse (resource depletion, economic instability, political extremism), surveillance state (mass surveillance, predictive policing, social credit systems), technological stagnation (innovation slowdown, regulatory capture, scientific decline) - Extinction risks: natural (asteroid impacts, supervolcanoes, gamma-ray bursts, solar flares), anthropogenic (climate change, nuclear war, bioweapons, AI misalignment), cosmic (heat death, Big Rip, Big Crunch, vacuum decay) - Kardashev scales: Type I (planetary energy control), Type II (stellar energy control), Type III (galactic energy control), Type IV (universal energy control), Type V (multiversal energy control), Type VI (reality manipulation) - Preventing heat death: reversible computing (Landauer's principle, adiabatic computing), Dyson spheres (star lifting, stellar engines), black hole farming (Penrose process, Hawking radiation), wormholes (exotic matter, time travel), baby universes (eternal inflation, quantum cosmology) - Universe tilled with intelligence and wellbeing: hedonium (maximum freedom, minimum suffering), computronium (optimal intelligent computing substrate), starivore (feeding on stars), Matrioshka brain (nested Dyson spheres), Omega Point (cosmological singularity) This expanded version includes even more subfields, concepts, and examples across the various areas of formal and natural sciences, as well as their philosophical foundations and far future possibilities. The relationships between fields are highlighted through shared concepts, methods, and applications. However, this is still a highly compressed representation of the vast scope of human knowledge, and many important details and nuances are necessarily omitted. The map could be further expanded and refined, but I hope this provides a useful overview of the incredible breadth and depth of scientific inquiry.