## Tags - Part of: - Related: - Includes: [[Philosophy]] [[Linguistics]] [[Neuroscience]] [[Computer science]] [[Artificial Intelligence]] - Additional: ## Main resources - <iframe src="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive_science" allow="fullscreen" allowfullscreen="" style="height:100%;width:100%; aspect-ratio: 16 / 5; "></iframe> ## Landscapes - [[1c7ead61acb65a4913be648b805534cf_MD5.jpeg|Open: CognitiveScienceMapRiedlAVersionOne (1).png]] ![[1c7ead61acb65a4913be648b805534cf_MD5.jpeg]] - [[Philosophy]] [[Linguistics]] [[Neuroscience]] [[Computer science]] [[Artificial Intelligence]] - [[Cognitive Neuroscience]] - [[Neuropsychopharmacology]], [[Neuropsychology]], [[Neurophenomenology]] - [[Consciousness]] - [[Philosophy of mind]] - [[Psychotherapy]] - [[Psychotechnology]], [[Neurotechnology]] - [[Artificial intelligence x Science]] - [[Artificial Intelligence x Neuroscience]] - [[Artificial intelligence x Psychotherapy]] ## Contents - [[Intelligence]], [[Artificial Intelligence]] - [[Creativity]], [[Curiosity]] - [[Wellbeing]] - [[Identity]] - [[Self]] - [[Longevity]], [[Immortality]] - [[Nootropics]] - [[Psychedelics]] - [[Meditation]] - [[Spirituality]] - [[Cognitive bias]] - [[Artificial consciousness]] - [[Personality]] - [Consciousness, AI, & Psychedelics | Adam Safron (EP 43) - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nqax1dgH2oM) ## Brainstorming [[Thoughts (computational) neuroscience brain]] [[Resources brain computational neuroscience mind AI]] [[Thoughts mind phenomenology experience]] ## Resources [[Resources computational neuroscience]] [[Links (computational) neuroscience brain]] [[Resources mind]] [[Links mind]] [[Links AI neuroscience]] [[Links AI for neuroscience]] ## Brainstorming What is true in philosophy of mind? Physicalism? Idealism? Panpsychism? Illusionism? Dualism? Monism? Mysterianism? I feel like big part of me personally became agnostic, as the space of all possible positions in philosophy of mind seems so large and kind of arbitrary what camp you pick. For a scientist, physicalism is useful. If you do meditation or psychedelics a lot, you'll gravitate towards idealism or mysterianism. There was a paper showing this correlation as well, but it may not be causation, but I suspect it is. And most normies in our culture usually think in cartesian dualism I feel like, maybe that's the current evolutionary baseline. From a physicalist perspective, I feel like all these positions in philosophy of mind have their own neural correlates that say how the brain constructs the model of self and other and of qualia. Dualists model a bigger boundary between inner experiential world and outer nonexperiential world, while dualists don't have a boundary and everything is one thing, either experience, no experience, or something third. Panpsychists label as experiential world everything. Illusionists label nothing. Open individualists have their model of inner self exploded to their model of the whole universe. Personally, I've experienced so many of these, that right now I'm like: Ok, all of them can feel true if you do the intellectualization or other activities that induce these states of mind, so reality maybe is incomprehensible instead and this is from scientific physicalist perspective all just useful programs for my ape brain. But it's useful to assume that this ape brain creates one conscious world simulation, like for example how Joscha Bach assumes it, as that allows you to do all sorts of engineering of mental representations and of qualia, by internal engineering by conscious actions, or by external engineering by neurotechnology. So it feels like right now in my experiential world and in my intellectual world of mental representations, specifically in the philosophy of mind, there's currently a superposition of physicalism and mysterianism. Science and engineering me prefers physicalism with laws of physics with all it's emergent laws in our brain being our qualia, philosophical me prefers mysterianism swimming in the combinatorial explosion of possible philosophy mind positions, and experiential me experiences both at the same time. I think about this hypothesis often: symmetry theory of valence might hold because of biological incentive to favour model simplicity. Simpler models have more symmetries. And as a result of this incentive we get a lot of great models in physics based on symmetries, but also a lot of underfitted models of physics by the general public like all the sacred geometry stuff that also feels euphoric so its still at least great art and a theraphy tool. when i did 5-MeO-DMT (legally) and my brain's inner world engine's space and time totally disintegrated for a bit, but I don't see it as objective truth, but instead as playing with my brain's physics engine its fascinating, i often wonder about how the brain constructs the physics engine that models the world approximately, constantly grounded in incoming data from the senses, that can go in arbitrary ways in dreams, meditation, substances, etc., but it's still limited by its architecture The more perspectives I accumulate, the more contradictions I get in my world model, and that inhibits my decision making And any attempt to resolve the contradictions under some heuristic basically closes you internally into a more narrow perspective or set of perspectives I guess one approach to not introduce contradictions in your world model is to do attentive compression such that you ignore as much data as possible that contradicts your existing perspectives But that gets you into all sorts of closemindedness and selective confirmation bias traps, that you can never escape to some degree anyway Maybe we think in fuzzy metahypergraphs Are you a dense model or mixture of experts model? What would you say is your primary way of thinking in your experience? Language? Abstract? Visual? Multimodal? Graphs? Fuzzy? Symbolic? All sorts of combinations? Can't put it into words?,... https://x.com/BangL93/status/1908128095967592485 [\[2504.01990\] Advances and Challenges in Foundation Agents: From Brain-Inspired Intelligence to Evolutionary, Collaborative, and Safe Systems](https://arxiv.org/abs/2504.01990) Technically I was contrasting fuzzy and symbolic between each other while the other things can be subsets of those two, depending how you define it all Or you can also contrast it with neural in connectionist sense And you can see it as a spectrum, have subsymbolic stuff, and neurosymbolic stuff I think you can say that tons of these things I mentioned live in a structured high dimensional space of possible qualia with many of these as discrete or continuous dimensions (or something kind of in the middle with phase shifts) Also hypergraphs are interesting that sometimes make sense in phenomenology, or metagraphs, or hypermetagraphs 😄 Or Markov blankets can be useful as well And of course the whole QRI's coupling oscillators etc. stuff I also find it fascinating that when you explore different scientific fields, you train the mind to use different elementary structures and different ways of composing them To first very high level approximation, a lot of programmers think in discrete symbolic code, engineers think in engineering diagrams, geometric mathematicians think in shapes, algebraic mathematicians compose algebraic symbols from axioms into theorems, physicists think in rate of change, graph theorists think in graphs, category theorists think in similarities between abstract graphs across scales, system scientists think in dynamical complex systems across scales, etc. And there's still amazing gigantic diversity and nuance to it all And you can combine all of this into hybrid or more meta ways of thinking Yes, I think that tons of these different ways of thinking that I mentioned in all my previous messages have literal mathematically distinguishable neural correlates in neural dynamics I think some cut more fundamentally into the brain's architecture than others And there's tons of different commonalities between them, like manipulating invariances So groups theory with symmetries are under a lot of them i often wonder about how the brain constructs the physics engine that models the world approximately, constantly grounded in incoming data from the senses, that can go in arbitrary ways in dreams, meditation, substances, etc., but it's still limited by its architecture Identity? You mean the constantly changing contents of the software of the mind's self and other modelling by a cognitive architecture, shaped by billions of years of evolution of surviving in our environment, resulting in this funny monkey body and brain? Is mind upload possible? Depends: - when you assume physicalist position in philosophy of mind, then your experience corresponds to the the physical system corresponding roughly to your brain (or nervous system and/or other subsystems of your biological system) - there are people without parts of the brain that still say they're conscious, therefore you can technically remove, add, replace parts, or there are conjoined twins that share experiences through merged brains - you maybe don't need to be the whole complex system, you may be just the electromagnetic activity, or just the electrochemical activity, or some computational algorithm that the brain uses, some generative model, or some other mathematical pattern, etc., so you need to transfer that pattern that encodes the conscious experience through time from biological substrate to other (digital or analog) substrate " Do you think consciousness has any special computational properties? Depends on the definition and model of consciousness, but I like QRI's holistic field computation ideas [Digital Computers Will Remain Unconscious Until They Recruit Physical Fields for Holistic Computing Using Well-Defined Topological Boundaries \| Qualia Computing](https://qualiacomputing.com/2022/06/19/digital-computers-will-remain-unconscious-until-they-recruit-physical-fields-for-holistic-computing-using-well-defined-topological-boundaries/) IIT argues with integrated information [Integrated information theory - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated_information_theory) maybe you truly need consciousness for information binding problem [[2012.05208] On the Binding Problem in Artificial Neural Networks](https://arxiv.org/abs/2012.05208) Global workspace theory argues with some form of global integration of information into some workspace [Global workspace theory - Wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global_workspace_theory) Selfawareness isnt good in LLMs as emergent circuits are different than what the LLMs actually say (from last Anthropic paper on the biology of LLMs), so some recursive connections might be needed (strange loop model of conscousness?) Joscha Bach argues with conscousness being coherence inducing operator, maybe thats needed for reliability [Joscha Bach - Consciousness as a coherence-inducing operator - YouTube](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qoHCQ1ozswA&pp=ygVHSm9zY2hhIEJhY2ggYXJndWVzIHdpdGggY29uc2NvdXNuZXNzIGJlaW5nIGNvaGVyZW5jZSBpbmR1Y2luZyBvcGVyYXRvcizSBwkJkQoBhyohjO8%3D) Neurosymbolic people need added symbolic components for strong generalization, like in DreamCoder program synthesis, and Chollet argues that's part of definition of consciousness Evolutionaries need evolution like evolutionary algorithms, maybe you could argue you can get consciousness only this way Physicists/computational neuroscientists need differential equations, like liquid neural networks, and some might argue consciousness only arises from this Some people need divergent novelty search without objective, like Kenneth Stanley, and you could also connect this with conscousness " ## Written by AI (may include factually incorrect information) #### Map 1 # Cognitive Science: A Comprehensive Map Cognitive science is an interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from multiple perspectives. It integrates approaches from psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, artificial intelligence, philosophy, anthropology, and other disciplines to understand mental processes. --- ## **1. Core Disciplines and Their Contributions** ### **1.1 Psychology** - **Cognitive Psychology** - **Perception** - Visual and auditory processing - Gestalt principles - **Attention** - Selective and divided attention - Attentional resources - **Memory** - Short-term and working memory - Long-term memory (episodic, semantic, procedural) - Encoding and retrieval processes - **Learning and Conditioning** - Classical and operant conditioning - Observational learning - **Language Processing** - Language acquisition - Syntax and semantics - Psycholinguistics - **Problem Solving and Decision Making** - Heuristics and biases - Rational choice theory - **Cognitive Development** - Piaget's stages of development - Vygotsky's sociocultural theory - **Social Psychology** - Social cognition - Theory of mind - Attribution theory ### **1.2 Neuroscience** - **Cognitive Neuroscience** - Neural correlates of mental processes - Brain imaging techniques (fMRI, PET, EEG) - Neuroplasticity - **Neuropsychology** - Study of brain injuries and disorders - Lateralization of brain function - Neurodevelopmental disorders ### **1.3 Linguistics** - **Theoretical Linguistics** - Phonetics and phonology - Morphology and syntax - Semantics and pragmatics - **Psycholinguistics** - Language comprehension and production - Bilingualism and multilingualism - **Neurolinguistics** - Brain regions involved in language (Broca's and Wernicke's areas) - Aphasia studies - **Computational Linguistics** - Natural language processing - Speech recognition and synthesis ### **1.4 Artificial Intelligence (AI)** - **Machine Learning** - Supervised and unsupervised learning - Neural networks and deep learning - **Cognitive Modeling** - Symbolic models - Connectionist models - Bayesian models - **Robotics** - Autonomous agents - Human-robot interaction - **Natural Language Processing** - Text analysis - Machine translation - Chatbots and conversational AI ### **1.5 Philosophy** - **Philosophy of Mind** - Dualism vs. physicalism - Consciousness and qualia - Intentionality - **Epistemology** - Nature of knowledge - Justification and belief - **Ethics** - AI ethics - Neuroethics - Moral cognition ### **1.6 Anthropology** - **Cognitive Anthropology** - Cultural models and schemas - Cross-cultural cognition - **Evolutionary Psychology** - Adaptation and natural selection - Evolution of language and social behavior ### **1.7 Computer Science** - **Algorithms and Data Structures** - **Human-Computer Interaction** - Usability studies - User experience design - **Cognitive Computing** - Cognitive architectures - Knowledge representation --- ## **2. Fundamental Cognitive Processes** ### **2.1 Perception** - **Sensory Systems** - Visual, auditory, olfactory, gustatory, and tactile senses - **Perceptual Organization** - Gestalt principles - Depth perception - **Object Recognition** - Feature detection - Pattern recognition ### **2.2 Attention** - **Selective Attention** - Filter theories - Spotlight model - **Divided Attention** - Multitasking capabilities - **Sustained Attention** - Vigilance and attentional resources ### **2.3 Memory** - **Encoding, Storage, Retrieval** - **Types of Memory** - **Sensory Memory** - **Short-Term Memory** - **Long-Term Memory** - Declarative (episodic and semantic) - Non-declarative (procedural) - **Memory Models** - Atkinson-Shiffrin model - Baddeley's working memory model - **Forgetting and Amnesia** - Decay and interference theories - Anterograde and retrograde amnesia ### **2.4 Language** - **Components of Language** - Phonology, morphology, syntax, semantics, pragmatics - **Language Acquisition** - Critical period hypothesis - Universal grammar - **Speech Perception and Production** - Motor theory of speech perception - Speech errors and aphasia ### **2.5 Thought and Reasoning** - **Concept Formation** - Prototypes and exemplars - **Problem Solving** - Algorithms and heuristics - Insight and creativity - **Decision Making** - Expected utility theory - Prospect theory - Cognitive biases ### **2.6 Emotion and Cognition** - **Affective Neuroscience** - Neural basis of emotions - **Emotional Regulation** - Coping mechanisms - **Impact on Cognitive Processes** - Memory modulation - Decision making under emotional influence ### **2.7 Consciousness** - **States of Consciousness** - Wakefulness, sleep, altered states - **Theories of Consciousness** - Global workspace theory - Integrated information theory - **Self-awareness** - Mirror test - Metacognition --- ## **3. Research Methods and Tools** ### **3.1 Experimental Methods** - **Behavioral Experiments** - Reaction time studies - Error analysis - **Psychophysical Methods** - Signal detection theory - Threshold measurement ### **3.2 Neuroscientific Techniques** - **Brain Imaging** - Structural (MRI, CT scans) - Functional (fMRI, PET scans) - **Electrophysiological Methods** - EEG (electroencephalography) - MEG (magnetoencephalography) - **Brain Stimulation** - TMS (transcranial magnetic stimulation) - tDCS (transcranial direct current stimulation) ### **3.3 Computational Modeling** - **Simulations of Cognitive Processes** - Neural networks - Agent-based models - **Artificial Life and Evolutionary Algorithms** ### **3.4 Data Analysis** - **Statistical Methods** - ANOVA, regression analysis - Multivariate statistics - **Machine Learning Techniques** - Classification and clustering - Predictive modeling ### **3.5 Qualitative Methods** - **Case Studies** - **Ethnographic Studies** - **Interviews and Surveys** --- ## **4. Applications of Cognitive Science** ### **4.1 Education** - **Learning Theories** - Constructivism - Behaviorism - Cognitivism - **Educational Technology** - Intelligent tutoring systems - E-learning platforms ### **4.2 Health and Medicine** - **Clinical Neuropsychology** - Assessment and rehabilitation - Cognitive therapies - **Mental Health** - Cognitive-behavioral therapy - Mindfulness and meditation ### **4.3 Artificial Intelligence and Technology** - **User Interface Design** - Human-computer interaction - Accessibility - **Virtual Reality and Augmented Reality** - Simulation of environments - Cognitive training tools ### **4.4 Business and Industry** - **Consumer Behavior** - Neuromarketing - Decision-making processes - **Organizational Behavior** - Leadership and team dynamics - Cognitive ergonomics ### **4.5 Law and Public Policy** - **Eyewitness Testimony** - Memory reliability - False memories - **Decision Making in Policy** - Behavioral economics - Risk assessment --- ## **5. Emerging Areas and Interdisciplinary Links** ### **5.1 Cognitive Genomics** - **Genetic Basis of Cognitive Traits** - Twin and adoption studies - Gene-environment interactions ### **5.2 Social Cognition** - **Understanding Social Interactions** - Empathy and perspective-taking - Social learning - **Cultural Influences** - Collectivism vs. individualism - Cultural cognition ### **5.3 Embodied Cognition** - **Body-Mind Interaction** - Sensorimotor processes - Role of the environment ### **5.4 Neuroeconomics** - **Decision Making and the Brain** - Reward systems - Risk and uncertainty ### **5.5 Consciousness Studies** - **Altered States** - Meditation - Psychedelic research - **Panpsychism and Integrated Information** ### **5.6 Cognitive Ethics** - **Moral Cognition** - Moral reasoning processes - Trolley problem and ethical dilemmas - **Ethical AI** - Bias in algorithms - Autonomous systems ethics --- ## **6. Key Figures and Theorists** - **Noam Chomsky**: Language acquisition and universal grammar - **Jean Piaget**: Stages of cognitive development - **Herbert A. Simon**: Bounded rationality and decision making - **Daniel Kahneman and Amos Tversky**: Prospect theory and heuristics - **Elizabeth Loftus**: Memory and eyewitness testimony - **Alan Turing**: Foundations of artificial intelligence - **David Marr**: Vision and computational neuroscience - **Steven Pinker**: Language and evolutionary psychology - **Patricia Churchland**: Neurophilosophy --- ## **7. Professional Organizations and Journals** - **Organizations** - Cognitive Science Society - Association for Psychological Science - Society for Neuroscience - **Journals** - *Cognitive Science* - *Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience* - *Behavioral and Brain Sciences* - *Artificial Intelligence* --- ## **8. Ethical and Philosophical Considerations** ### **8.1 Mind-Body Problem** - **Dualism vs. Monism** - **Physicalism and Functionalism** ### **8.2 Free Will and Determinism** - **Neuroscientific Perspectives** - **Philosophical Debates** ### **8.3 AI and Society** - **Impact of Automation** - **Privacy and Surveillance** - **Digital Divide** ### **8.4 Cognitive Enhancement** - **Nootropics and Brain Stimulation** - **Ethical Implications** --- ## **9. Conclusion** Cognitive science is a vast and dynamic field that continually evolves as new research and technologies emerge. Its interdisciplinary nature allows for a holistic understanding of the mind and its processes, offering insights that have profound implications across various sectors, including education, healthcare, technology, and public policy. --- Feel free to delve deeper into any of these areas or ask for more specific information on particular topics! #### Map 2 - Cognitive Science is an interdisciplinary field that studies the mind, intelligence, and behavior from various perspectives, including psychological, computational, philosophical, neurological, and anthropological. Here's a comprehensive list of various branches and sub-disciplines within cognitive science: ### 1. Psychology - Cognitive Psychology - Developmental Psychology - Neuropsychology - Educational Psychology - Experimental Psychology - Psycholinguistics - Perception and Action - Memory and Learning - Thinking and Reasoning - Attention and Awareness - Emotional and Social Cognition - Comparative Cognition ### 2. [[Neuroscience]] - Cognitive Neuroscience - Behavioral Neuroscience - Neurobiology - Neuroimaging - Computational Neuroscience - Molecular and Cellular Neuroscience - Developmental Neuroscience - Systems Neuroscience ### 3. Computer Science and Artificial Intelligence - Artificial Intelligence - Machine Learning - Human-Computer Interaction - Computational Modeling - Cognitive Robotics - Natural Language Processing - Computer Vision - Neural Networks ### 4. [[Linguistics]] and [[Semiotics]] - Theoretical Linguistics - Sociolinguistics - Psycholinguistics - Neurolinguistics - Computational Linguistics - Discourse and Text Analysis - Semiotics - Pragmatics ### 5. [[Philosophy]] - Philosophy of Mind - Philosophy of Language - Philosophy of Perception - Epistemology - Metaphysics of Mind - Ethics of AI and Cognitive Enhancement - Phenomenology ### 6. Anthropology and Sociology - Cognitive Anthropology - Social Cognition - Cultural Cognition - Evolutionary Psychology - Ethnolinguistics - Comparative Human Cognition - Cognitive Sociology ### 7. Education and Pedagogy - Educational Technology - Cognitive Development in Education - Teaching and Learning Science - Instructional Design - Cognitive Tutors and Educational Software - Learning Sciences ### 8. Mathematics and Logic - Mathematical Psychology - Formal Logic and Cognitive Science - Cognitive Decision Theory - Information Theory and Cognition - Cognitive Science of Mathematics ### 9. Cognitive Ergonomics and Design - Human Factors - Cognitive Ergonomics - User Experience Design - Interaction Design - Cognitive Design - Environmental Cognition ### 10. Cognitive Anthropology and Cross-Cultural Studies - Cross-Cultural Cognition - Cognitive Ethnography - Language and Culture - Symbolism and Ritual - Cultural Models and Mental Maps ### 11. Cognitive Rehabilitation and Therapy - Cognitive Rehabilitation - Neuropsychological Rehabilitation - Cognitive Behavioral Therapy - Brain Injury and Recovery ### 12. Evolutionary and Comparative Cognition - Animal Cognition - Evolutionary Origins of Cognition - Comparative Neuroanatomy - Comparative Psychology ### 13. Music Cognition - Psychology of Music - Cognitive Neuroscience of Music - Music Perception and Processing - Musical Creativity and Performance ### 14. Arts and Cognitive Aesthetics - Aesthetics and Psychology - Cognitive Art Studies - Literature and Cognition - Film and Cognition - Theatre and Cognition ### 15. Computational and Mathematical Cognition - Computational Theories of Mind - Bayesian Cognition - Cognitive Simulation - Cognitive Architectures This list, while extensive, may not cover every niche area as cognitive science is a continuously evolving field with new sub-disciplines and cross-disciplinary fields emerging regularly. Each of these branches can be further divided into more specialized sub-fields, reflecting the depth and complexity of studying cognition and the mind.